Edward R. Sugg Sonex

Full Narrative

On September 12, 2018, about 1320 eastern daylight time, an experimental, amateur-built Sonex airplane, N75SX, was destroyed when it impacted terrain while maneuvering near Marion, South Carolina. The commercial pilot was fatally injured. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the flight, which departed Florence Regional Airport (FLO), Florence, South Carolina, at an unknown time.According to the pilot's daughter, her father was going for a local pleasure flight before Hurricane Florence moved through the area.

A witness, who was standing in his backyard about 1/4-mile from the accident site, heard the airplane's engine and it sounded like it had "...a whole lot of power." When he saw the airplane, he thought it was a crop duster because it was low to the ground, and then climbed straight up before it dove straight down as if it was going to "make a pass." But the airplane continued straight toward the ground and there did not appear to be an attempt by the pilot to "pull out" of the dive. The airplane descended behind a tree line and the witness heard it impact the ground.

The 1353 weather observation at FLO, located about 19 miles west of the accident site, included wind from 090° at 6 knots, 10 miles visibility, scattered clouds at 9,000 ft above ground level, temperature 33°C, dew point 23°C, and an altimeter setting of 30.08 inches of mercury.

The airplane impacted a field and the engine, cockpit, both wings, and the tail section sustained substantial damage. There was no postimpact fire. Due to Hurricane Florence, the airplane was recovered to a storage facility, where it was examined on November 15, 2018.

The airplane was relatively intact, but the left wing was separated from the fuselage. Flight control continuity was established from all major flight controls to the cockpit area and the flaps were found in the retracted position. The main landing gear had separated from the fuselage. The fuel tank and fuel strainer were not located; however, all fuel lines were dry and unobstructed.

The engine was separated from the firewall; both wooden propeller blades had separated from the hub and were not recovered with the wreckage. The engine was rotated manually via the starter ring and crankshaft continuity was established. The Nos. 1 and 3 spark plugs were removed, and the electrodes exhibited rust/corrosion deposits and normal wear. The Nos. 2 and 4 spark plugs exhibited normal wear per the Champion Check-a-Plug chart. The oil filter had separated from the engine and was crushed. The carburetor was separated from the engine and the bowl had separated from impact. The carburetor was partially disassembled, and no residual fuel was observed. No mechanical deficiencies were observed that would have precluded normal operation of the airplane or engine.

A handheld Garmin GPS 195 and a Grand Rapids 2000 EIS engine monitor were found in the wreckage and sent to the National Transportation Safety Board's recorder laboratory for download. Both units sustained impact damage and no data could be recovered.

A review of maintenance records revealed that the last condition inspection for the airplane and engine was completed on November 18, 2017, at a tachometer time of 640.5 hours and engine total time of 236.1 hours. A review of the airplane's flight time logbook revealed that the pilot regularly flew the airplane, and the last entry/flight was made on September 8, 2018, at a total tachometer time of 761.8 hours.

The 85-year-old pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single- and multiengine land and instrument airplane. He also held a flight instructor certificate with ratings for airplane single and multiengine. His last Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) third-class medical certificate was issued on January 19, 2017. At that time, the pilot reported 8,615 total hours of flight experience. According the pilot's daughter, her father flew often and had no known medical issues (cardiac, respiratory or physical) that would interfere with his flying.

The Medical University of South Carolina performed an autopsy on the pilot. The cause of death was determined to be "full body blunt trauma."

Toxicology testing performed at the FAA Forensic Sciences Laboratory was negative for all items tested.