CESSNA 172M

Full Narrative

On March 7, 2023, about 1722 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172, N64535, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Miami, Florida. The flight instructor and the private pilot were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight.
The flight instructor said that, about 30 to 40 minutes into the flight, the engine began to make a “knocking” noise followed by a total loss of oil pressure. The engine then stopped producing power and the propeller “locked up.” The instructor said they were unable to return to the airport and made a forced landing in the Everglades National Park. The nose wheel of the airplane dug into the soft/wet terrain and slowly flipped over, resulting in substantial damage to an engine mount.
The airplane was recovered from the Everglades about seven days after the accident and taken to a secure facility. Examination of the airplane revealed there were no major oil streaks on the lower engine cowling and fuselage; however, there was some dark oily residue noted on the right underbelly of the airplane that appeared to have been there for an extended amount of time.
The engine was not seized and the crankshaft rotated freely when the propeller was manually rotated. When the propeller was rotated, valvetrain continuity and thumb compression were observed on each cylinder. Examination of the engine’s oil system revealed no obvious mechanical failures; however, damage was observed that was consistent high heat and friction due to a lack of lubrication.
The flight instructor said that there were six quarts of oil on the airplane before they departed; however, about one quart of dark-colored oil was drained from the oil sump after the accident. The oil suction screen was removed and several pieces of metallic debris were observed. The filter was also removed and was filled with dark-colored oil. The element was removed and small flecks of carbon were observed. The oil pump was removed and all gearing was intact. The oil sump was partially exposed when the accessory gear box was removed and several large pieces of metal debris were observed. The oil filter tube was found slightly loose but was being held in place by safety-wire. Some oil was observed on the engine case around and below where the tube connected to the engine case.
Review of the engine maintenance records revealed the last 100-hour inspection was completed on December 20, 2022, at an engine total time of 1,124 hours. At the time of the accident the engine had accrued 1,279 hours, which was 55 hours past its next required 100-hr inspection.